Dec 11, 2020 By default, the top row of keys on your Apple keyboard control many different features on your Mac. For example, pressing the keys with speaker icons adjusts the volume. Ride a bike mac os. If your Mac has a Touch Bar, learn about using function keys on MacBook Pro with Touch Bar. An Introduction to Swift In the Apple World Wide Developer Conference - 2014 held on June 2nd 2014, Apple has introduced a new language named 'Swift' to be continued in the development of Mac os x and iOS technologies.
Article- Axial and visceral skeleton
- The cranium
- The facial bones and their complex functions
- The spine
- The appendicular skeleton
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Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work! Warren AndrewHuman skeleton, the internal skeleton that serves as a framework for the body. This framework consists of many individual bones and cartilages. There also are bands of fibrous connective tissue—the ligaments and the tendons—in intimate relationship with the parts of the skeleton. This article is concerned primarily with the gross structure and the function of the skeleton of the normal human adult.
The human skeleton, like that of other vertebrates, consists of two principal subdivisions, each with origins distinct from the others and each presenting certain individual features. These are (1) the axial, comprising the vertebral column—the spine—and much of the skull, and (2) the appendicular, to which the pelvic (hip) and pectoral (shoulder) girdles and the bones and cartilages of the limbs belong. Discussed in this article as part of the axial skeleton is a third subdivision, the visceral, comprising the lower jaw, some elements of the upper jaw, and the branchial arches, including the hyoid bone.
When one considers the relation of these subdivisions of the skeleton to the soft parts of the human body—such as the nervous system, the digestive system, the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, and the voluntary muscles of the muscle system—it is clear that the functions of the skeleton are of three different types: support, protection, and motion. Of these functions, support is the most primitive and the oldest; likewise, the axial part of the skeleton was the first to evolve. The vertebral column, corresponding to the notochord in lower organisms, is the main support of the trunk.
The central nervous system lies largely within the axial skeleton, the brain being well protected by the cranium and the spinal cord by the vertebral column, by means of the bony neural arches (the arches of bone that encircle the spinal cord) and the intervening ligaments.
A distinctive characteristic of humans as compared with other mammals is erect posture. The human body is to some extent like a walking tower that moves on pillars, represented by the legs. Tremendous advantages have been gained from this erect posture, the chief among which has been the freeing of the arms for a great variety of uses. Nevertheless, erect posture has created a number of mechanical problems—in particular, weight bearing. These problems have had to be met by adaptations of the skeletal system.
Protection of the heart, lungs, and other organs and structures in the chest creates a problem somewhat different from that of the central nervous system. These organs, the function of which involves motion, expansion, and contraction, must have a flexible and elastic protective covering. Such a covering is provided by the bony thoracic basket, or rib cage, which forms the skeleton of the wall of the chest, or thorax. The connection of the ribs to the breastbone—the sternum—is in all cases a secondary one, brought about by the relatively pliable rib (costal) cartilages. The small joints between the ribs and the vertebrae permit a gliding motion of the ribs on the vertebrae during breathing and other activities. The motion is limited by the ligamentous attachments between ribs and vertebrae.
The third general function of the skeleton is that of motion. The great majority of the skeletal muscles are firmly anchored to the skeleton, usually to at least two bones and in some cases to many bones. Thus, the motions of the body and its parts, all the way from the lunge of the football player to the delicate manipulations of a handicraft artist or of the use of complicated instruments by a scientist, are made possible by separate and individual engineering arrangements between muscle and bone.
In this article the parts of the skeleton are described in terms of their sharing in these functions. The disorders and injuries that can affect the human skeleton are described in the article bone disease.
- related topics
- Teeth are not bones but are still part of the human skeletal system.
- While the adult human skeletal system includes 206 bones, the infantile skeletal system has many more, since not all of the bones have fused together yet.
- When humans moved into permanent settlements to farm, the human skeletal system weakened from the lack of rigorous exercise required for nomadic hunting and gathering.
(ThyBlackMan.com) Apple has added tons of features to its Mac OS. Although the Cupertino-based tech giant keeps talking about those features, there are many things that don't get much attention or are hidden inside the vast array of functionalities Mac offers. Even after using the Mac for several years, people still find many hidden gems available in the OS. Many users are still unaware of the secret Mac features Apple has added. So, here we have created a list of ten such secret features of Mac to help you get more out of your Apple computer.
- Merging two folders of the same name
The Mac OS lets you merge two folders that are identically named. If you want to keep the contents of both the folders into one single folder, you can just drag one folder into another. Doing so will bring a notification pop up telling you that the folder with the same name already exists. Don't worry! The notification also brings with it an additional option that lets you merge these two folders.
- Quick dictionary access
Accessing the dictionary in Mac has become easier than ever. There's no need to juggle between multiple apps as for the older version of Mac, you can just press ??D to activate the dictionary to find the definition of the target words. Additionally, you can hover over the word or you can double-tap the word using three fingers to get the definition you're searching for.
- Special characters
Using special characters and emojis in notes, email or other documents is common these days. Especially when messaging apps both web-based and installable are easily available for Mac users. To access the window that lets you choose and insert special characters, just press Ctrl +? + space and you will see a list of emojis and special characters available in Mac by default.
- Dictation-typing
Speech to text conversion in Mac is really simple. Although there are several tools available on the Store that let you convert voice commands or a script into text, Mac now lets users convert speech directly into text without having to rely on any third-party tool. Press the Fn key twice and begin speaking. You will see how the operating system detects your voice and converts it into text.
- Spell checker
If typing is not something you are very much interested in but is a part of your wor, then you probably have come across situations where spelling mistakes turn out to be a major issue. In business and professional life, spelling mistakes sometimes create blunders, and to avoid that, Mac users can use the in-built autocomplete menu. Press F5 or hit the Options + Escape to start auto-complete on your computer. As soon as you start typing, you will see a word suggestion list.
- Hot corners
In macOS, there's a feature called Hot Corners that turns your computer screen's four corners into a small hub. You can quickly access certain features of Mac from the corners by enabling this feature. The functionalities that can be enabled using Hot Corners are Mission Control, Screen Saver, Notification Center and a lot more. From the Apple menu bar, you can launch preference settings and there you will find Mission Control options. Last minute love – the nursing home dating sim mac os. You will see Hot Corners setting at the bottom left corner of the window.
- Do not disturb
When you want to stay away from notifications and other distractions, this feature may come handy. One of the best secret Mac features is the DND that lets you mute all the notifications so that you can focus on more important things. Just like the iPhone, Mac also provides this functionality which can be accessed from the Notification Centre. On the Menu Bar, you will find the Notification Centre icon and there you will see a button to enable and disable the Do Not Disturb option. Mac also lets users schedule DND sessions and also lets them temporarily put their computer system on DND mode.
- Cleaning up
Mac Os Catalina
With a lot of storage capacity of smartphones and personal computers, many people tend to download apps which they rarely use. If your Mac is cluttered with such apps or if you want to free up some space on the hard drive, here's an easy way to do so without deleting any important files. The Launchpad on Mac lets you free up space by deleting old unused apps. Open the launchpad, select the apps that you want to delete and then click the cross (X) button to uninstall the selected apps.
- Preview Pan
With Mac, you can preview the files you have on your computer without having to open them. There are times when you just want to take a quick look at certain files without opening them. If you are a Mac user, there's this secret Mac feature hidden in the system settings. Open the Dock and click on the folder or file you want to preview. By selecting the Show Preview option, you will be able to preview the file. Additionally, this feature lets you find more information about that particular file.
- Additional desktops
You can create spaces on Mac with the help of Mission Control. Spaces are additional desktops that you can create to keep your work organized and to enjoy the flexibility of working from additional desktop spaces in case your current computer system feels cluttered. From Mission Control, you can click on the Add button to create up to 16 additional spaces.
Staff Writer; Corey Shaw
Have any Tech Tips? News? Hit up our Tech Guru at; CoreyS@ThyBlackMan.com
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